The bit(less) debate and how to facilitate human behaviour change to improve horse welfare

A concerningly high percentage, i.e. 35-80% of sports horses suffer from mouth injuries. Limited research has addressed the causes of these injuries, although such knowledge would improve horse welfare. Certain types of bits can increase the risk, as can improper fit or use of the bit and associated rein tension.

Research on bitless riding is scarce even though bitless alternatives are advocated as a solution for bit-related problems.

Thus, we aim to collect data on the occurrence of mouth injuries in horses at various training levels, i.e. from basic level riding school up to highest-level dressage, while also gathering data on equipment used, rein tension, and horses´ behavioural responses to rein signals during riding.

Also, we will measure the transition from bit- to bitless riding and investigate riders´ and teachers’ experiences and attitudes towards bit(less) as well as teachers’ pedagogical approaches of teaching rein signals.

Based on this data, we will be able to provide important insights into the factors that contribute to mouth injuries, besides being able to identify behavioural indicators of oral pain and potential areas for improvement of equipment choices and riding practices.

Our ultimate goal is to provide bit(less) intervention roadmaps for human behaviour change during an interactive workshop with stakeholders, addressing existing barriers and opportunities towards adopting a horse-friendly bit(less) approach that safeguards both horse and human welfare.