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99,167 grants found
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Traditional healer-initiated HIV counseling and testing in rural South Africa
Project Summary In South Africa, HIV testing has been undermined by HIV stigma, distrust in the allopathic health system, a preference for traditional medicine, and distance to the...
Master epigenetic regulators and retinal degenerative disease
Project summary Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the leading cause of inherited blindness afflicting one in every 3500 people. There are no effective treatments for RP, and no prospect...
Disparities in the Use of Oral Anticancer Agents in Kidney Cancer
We have long known that real-world black-white racial disparities have existed in the treatment and outcomes of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, it is unclear how...
Wastewater Detection of COVID-19
When faced with a pandemic such as SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SAR-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, timely risk assessment and action are required to prevent public health impac...
Neurodevelopment after postnatal Zika virus infection in infant macaques
PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Intense research has focused on the neurologic effects of prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection; however, the consequences of postnatal infection early in...
Mechanisms modulating cell identity in regenerative mammalian epithelia
PROJECT SUMMARY: Significance: Our tissues experience frequent damage from injuries, infections and disease. Many organs in the human body can undergo self-repair to restore their...
Controlling Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Using Smart Catheters with Rationally Designed Active Topographies
Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), with a prevalence of 13 – 15% in the United States. CAUTIs ar...
Structure and Function of Primate Retinal Circuits
An understanding of the normal structure and function of the retina is important to appreciate changes that occur during disease, development and aging. To this end, a longstanding...
Synaptic Architecture and Mechanisms of Direction Selectivity in Primate Retina
A major research challenge for neurobiology is to understand the neural mechanisms that give rise to an extreme diversity of parallel visual pathways and ultimately the contributio...
Targeting Pathologic Spike-Ripples to Isolate and Disrupt Epileptic Dynamics
Project Summary Epilepsy is the world’s most common, serious brain disorder, affecting nearly 50 million people worldwide. For one-third of patients, seizures remain poorly control...
Regulation of the neuroinflammatory response in autoimmune uveitis
Research Abstract: Autoimmune uveitis is a serious sight-threatening condition defined by an autoreactive immune response against the retina and uveal tissues. In autoimmune uveiti...
Defining the Role of Microglia in the Synaptic Rewiring of the Hypothalamus by Early life Adversity
PROJECT SUMMARY:Early-life adversity can profoundly impact an individual’s risk for stress-related emotional disorders including depression, likely by modulating the maturation of...
Community Action to Promote Healthy Environments
PROJECT SUMMARY The overarching goals of the Community Action to Promote Healthy Environments (CAPHE) partnership, established in 2014, are to: (1) develop new knowledge on local c...
Experimental and computational analysis of mechanisms of mitochondrial-cellular ROS crosstalk in the kidney in salt-sensitive hypertension
PROJECT SUMMARY Salt-sensitive hypertension is a significant health problem worldwide and there is a need to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms to enable more effective...
Understanding and leveraging molecular diversity within the phytochrome superfamily
Understanding and leveraging molecular diversity within the phytochrome superfamily. Our proposal focuses on the phytochrome superfamily of photoreceptors. We have a longstanding i...
SCH: Advancing Language-based Analyses of Social Media to Reliably Monitor Variation in Population
This proposal seeks to address a key challenge in public health : the ongoing and fine-grained measurement of population mental health. Currently, in the largest population surveys...
Central Nervous System Plasticity in Airway Disease
PROJECT SUMMARY Exacerbations (asthma attacks) account for nearly one-third of all asthma deaths. Despite psychiatric illness as a risk factor for death from asthma, and many conne...
The role of the proximal nephron in salt-sensitive hypertension
The dramatic rise in U.S. fructose consumption mirrors the increase in the incidence of hypertension. More than 17 million Americans consume >20% of their calories as fructose a...
Tuning CAR-T cell function
Abstract Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) expressed by T cells recognize tumor cells via single chains antibodies and activate T cell cytotoxic machinery and costimulation. In clin...
Mechanism of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women
PROJECT SUMMARY Suboptimal nutrition is the leading risk factor for death and disability worldwide and accounts for accounts for more than 45% of cardiovascular death in the US. Di...