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201,169 grants found
Showing 201,021 – 201,040 of 201,169 grants
Motion Processing by Interactions of Receptive Field Center and Surround in Primate Retinal Ganglion Cells
PROJECT SUMMARY The overall goal of this proposal is to understand the role of interactions between the receptive field center and surround in encoding motion signals in sparsely e...
Neurogenesis, BMP signaling, and mechanisms of Ketamine's antidepressant effects
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the top three causes of disability worldwide, but only 60-70% of patients with MDD respond to first-line therapies, and responders have la...
Modeling mutant PfCRT-mediated drug transport to predict the emergence of piperaquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria
PROJECT SUMMARY The protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes over 400,000 malaria deaths each year, mostly in young African children. With no effective vaccine, chemotherapy...
Regulation of Development by LRP4 at Drosophila Peripheral Synapses
Project Summary The nervous system is a vastly complex network which develops through intricate and tightly regulated processes. One critical aspect of neurodevelopment is the form...
Hippocampal-prefrontal mechanisms of learning to learn
Project summary The mammalian brain is remarkably ecient at rapidly learning from experience. We can quickly form generalizations about our environment based on previously acquired...
Impact of the microbiome on chemotherapeutic outcomes
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are a key component of cancer therapy, but they have unpredictable treatment responses and considerable treatment-related...
How does covert attention modulate visual perception? Psychophysics, neurostimulation and neuroimaging
Project Summary Covert spatial attention is a selective process that filters incoming information. Given the high cost of cortical computation, such a mechanism is needed for optim...
Investigating novel host factors promoting human papillomavirus infection
Project Summary/Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects nearly 80 million U.S. adults, and is the primary cause of cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. Unfortunate...
Actin-mediated regulation of organelle dynamics in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Project Summary Organelle dynamics profoundly affect the physiology of the cell and are regulated by interactions with the cytoskeleton. Alterations in organelle dynamics (i.e., in...
Understanding Intraspecific Diversity of Gardnerella vaginalis in the Vaginal Microbiome
Project Summary Gardnerella vaginalis has been associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and preterm birth (PTB) risk, but with little success in being able to identify, treat, and...
Brachytherapy to achieve in situ cancer vaccination
Project Summary/Abstract We aim to improve the cure rates for metastatic cancers. To achieve this we propose a combined modality approach to stimulate and diversify an endogenous a...
Regulation of Antiviral Responses in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Chikungunya Virus by the Gut Microbiota
Project Summary Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-transmitted alphavirus in the Togaviridae family that causes severe acute and chronic polyarthritis and affects...
A New Device to measure Whole and Tissue Level Bone Strength.
Abstract The majority of patients who fracture have non-osteoporotic bone mineral density. Often, the result of a fracture is devastating and results in substantial morbidity and h...
Associations between ambient temperature and mortality in U.S. state prisons
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT There is a growing body of evidence that outdoor ambient temperatures are associated with short-term increases in daily mortality, with greater susceptibil...
The role of carbohydrate binding module cooperation in BaAmy7 hydrolysis of resistant starch
The gut microbiota plays a major role in colonic health and homeostasis. The growth of beneficial bacteria can be promoted by the administration of prebiotics in the human diet. Re...
Cellular stress sensing via biomolecular condensation
Project Summary Background: Cells experience a wide array of environmental stresses, and must be able to sense and respond to changes in order to survive. The sensing process which...
Thalamolimbic circuit mechanisms for social threat processing
Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience debilitating deficits in threat inhibition, resulting in hypervigilance, reexperiencing traumatic events, and severe s...
2/3 Genomics of Schizophrenia in the South African Xhosa
PROJECT DESCRIPTION The goal of this international collaborative project, in response to PAR-20-027, is to characterize the genetic architecture of schizophrenia in the Xhosa popul...
Computational Investigations of the Mechanisms Behind Microtubule Catastrophe
PROJECT SUMMARY Microtubules (MTs) constitute the largest components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and facilitate a plethora of diverse functions including intracellular transport...
Role of SerpinB3 in glioblastoma cancer stem cells
Project Summary ROLE OF SERPINB3 IN GLIOBLASTOMA CANCER STEM CELLS Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor, with a median survival of 18-20 months....